What are CE-LVD and CE-EMC certifications? What are the differences between them?

Product Description

Product Description
What are CE-LVD and CE-EMC certifications? What are the differences between them?
CE certification is the EU's passport. Electronic and electrical products listed on EU TEMU and Amazon and other e-commerce platforms require CE-LVD certification and CE-EMC certification. What is the difference between them?
1. What is CE-LVD certification? (Low Voltage Directive)
CE-LVD is the EU's safety certification requirements for low-voltage equipment (AC voltage 50V-1500V, DC voltage 75V-1500V). Its core goal is to ensure that when the equipment is used under normal or fault conditions, it will not cause risks such as electric shock, fire or mechanical injury to the user, and ensure personal and property safety.
2. What is CE-EMC certification? (Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive)
CE-EMC is a certification requirement for the compatibility of equipment in an electromagnetic environment. Its core goal is to ensure that the equipment will not affect the normal operation of other equipment due to its own electromagnetic interference (EMI) during use, nor will it cause its own function to fail due to external electromagnetic interference (EMS), thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the equipment in the electromagnetic environment.
3. What are the differences in the test content and focus of the two?
The test content of CE-LVD mainly revolves around the electrical safety and mechanical safety of the equipment, including but not limited to:
Electrical safety test: such as insulation resistance test, ground continuity test, leakage current test, etc., to verify the electrical safety of the equipment.
Mechanical safety test: such as structural strength test, protection level test, etc., to evaluate the mechanical safety of the equipment.
Thermal test: such as temperature rise test, heat resistance test, etc., to ensure that the equipment will not cause fire or burns due to overheating when running at high load for a long time.
The test content of CE-EMC focuses on the electromagnetic compatibility of the equipment, mainly including:
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) test: such as conducted emission test, radiated emission test, etc., to evaluate whether the electromagnetic interference generated by the equipment exceeds the specified limit.
Electromagnetic immunity (EMS) test: such as electrostatic discharge immunity test, radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity test, etc., to verify whether the equipment can maintain normal operation when subjected to external electromagnetic interference.
4. What is the difference between the scope of application of the two?
CE-LVD applies to all electrical equipment within the rated voltage range, including but not limited to household appliances, lighting equipment, power tools, office equipment, communication equipment, entertainment equipment, medical equipment, security equipment, etc.
The scope of application of CE-EMC is wider, covering almost all equipment that may generate or be subject to electromagnetic interference, including industrial manufacturing equipment, information technology equipment, telecommunications networks and equipment, lighting equipment and fluorescent lamps, and electronic teaching equipment. However, for some components that do not have direct functions, such as resistors, capacitors, coils, etc., and similar components with direct functions, such as plug-in cards and microprocessor cards of computer systems, CE-EMC certification is usually not required.
5. What are the certification processes for the two?
Common points
Whether it is CE-LVD or CE-EMC certification, the following steps are usually required:
Prepare technical documents (such as product specifications, design drawings, test reports, etc.).
Choose a third-party certification body with EU accreditation.
Submit a certification application and attach relevant technical documents.
Perform laboratory testing to verify whether the product meets the relevant standard requirements.
The certification body evaluates the technical documents and test results.
If rectification is required, the manufacturer needs to rectify the non-conformities and resubmit the evaluation.
After passing the evaluation, the certification body issues a certification certificate.
Differences:
CE-LVD: In the testing phase, more emphasis is placed on safety performance testing, such as electrical safety testing, mechanical safety testing, etc. In some cases, a factory inspection may also be required to ensure that the production plant can ensure the consistency of the product.
CE-EMC: In the testing phase, electromagnetic compatibility testing is mainly carried out, including electromagnetic interference and immunity testing. Compared with CE-LVD, CE-EMC certification usually does not require a factory inspection.
6. What is the difference between the validity period and regulatory updates?
Validity period
CE certification itself does not have a fixed validity period, but it will be affected by the update of relevant EU regulations. If the EU issues a new directive or standard, manufacturers need to re-evaluate the compliance of the product according to the new requirements.
Regulatory updates
CE-LVD: For example, in 2014, the EU issued a new low voltage directive (2014/35/EU), which replaced the previous directive (2006/95/EC). CE certificates based on the old directive will no longer be accepted after April 20, 2016.
CE-EMC: Similarly, the electromagnetic compatibility directive has also been updated, such as the new electromagnetic compatibility directive (2014/30/EU) issued in 2014, which replaced the previous directive (2004/108/EC). Manufacturers need to re-certify according to the requirements of the new directive.
In summary, there are significant differences between CE-LVD and CE-EMC in terms of definition, test content, scope of application and certification process. CE-LVD focuses on the electrical safety and mechanical safety of equipment, while CE-EMC focuses on the electromagnetic compatibility of equipment. Both are important components of CE certification, ensuring that products meet EU market access requirements. Therefore, when electronic appliances are listed on cross-border e-commerce platforms such as TEMU and Amazon in Europe, they must pass CE-LVD and CE-EMC tests.

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